diff --git a/.github/workflows/.dco.yml b/.github/workflows/.dco.yml
index 22431e0fb4..2212668f1c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/.dco.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/.dco.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,15 @@ name: .dco
 
 # TODO: hide reusable workflow from the UI. Tracked in https://github.com/community/community/discussions/12025
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/.test-prepare.yml b/.github/workflows/.test-prepare.yml
index 2b800c7f71..de4d51850e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/.test-prepare.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/.test-prepare.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,15 @@ name: .test-prepare
 
 # TODO: hide reusable workflow from the UI. Tracked in https://github.com/community/community/discussions/12025
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     outputs:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/.test.yml b/.github/workflows/.test.yml
index a5080cbec7..a1352830d4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/.test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/.test.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,15 @@ name: .test
 
 # TODO: hide reusable workflow from the UI. Tracked in https://github.com/community/community/discussions/12025
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/.windows.yml b/.github/workflows/.windows.yml
index f8a019e7df..48629423f9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/.windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/.windows.yml
@@ -3,6 +3,15 @@ name: .windows
 
 # TODO: hide reusable workflow from the UI. Tracked in https://github.com/community/community/discussions/12025
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/bin-image.yml b/.github/workflows/bin-image.yml
index aec55f2aed..40418f88ca 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/bin-image.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/bin-image.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: bin-image
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/buildkit.yml b/.github/workflows/buildkit.yml
index 5d101b175c..494b72c850 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/buildkit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/buildkit.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: buildkit
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index f36113e96e..74dd95494a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: ci
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 51eb2c6285..3d22f873aa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: test
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/validate-pr.yml b/.github/workflows/validate-pr.yml
index bf94253f64..b29dadfa7a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/validate-pr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/validate-pr.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: validate-pr
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 on:
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, edited, labeled, unlabeled]
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows-2019.yml b/.github/workflows/windows-2019.yml
index 1e6fa3c735..64df7485ba 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows-2019.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows-2019.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: windows-2019
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows-2022.yml b/.github/workflows/windows-2022.yml
index dbb0852da8..a456c5016e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows-2022.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows-2022.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 name: windows-2022
 
+# Default to 'contents: read', which grants actions to read commits.
+#
+# If any permission is set, any permission not included in the list is
+# implicitly set to "none".
+#
+# see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#permissions
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
   cancel-in-progress: true